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Grandma's Hokkien Bak Chang

Prep Time4 hours
Cook Time3 hours
Wrapping Time3 hours
Total Time10 hours
Servings: 40 bak chang

Ingredients

Shallot Oil 小葱头油

  • 600 grams shallots 小葱头 600克
  • 4 cups cooking oil 食用油 4杯

Glutinous Rice 糯米饭

  • 2 kg glutinous rice 糯米 2公斤
  • 2 tablespoons lard (optional) 猪油 2汤匙可选
  • 2 cups shallot oil 葱油 2杯
  • 1.5 teaspoons salt 盐 1.5茶匙
  • 1.5 teaspoons MSG seasoning 味精调味料 1.5茶匙

Pork Belly 五花肉

  • 1.2 kg pork belly (no skin) 五花肉 1.2公斤 (去皮)

Pork Belly Marinade 五花肉腌料

  • 3 teaspoons five spice powder 五香粉 3茶匙
  • 1/2 teaspoon salt 盐 1/2茶匙
  • 2 tablespoons sugar 糖 2汤匙
  • 4 tablespoons light soy sauce 生抽 4汤匙
  • 1/2 teaspoon white pepper 白胡椒 1/2茶匙
  • 2 tablespoons dark sweet soy sauce 甜黑酱/老抽 2汤匙

Mushrooms 香菇

  • 20 dried mushrooms soaked until soft (half mushroom per bak chang) 干香菇 20个泡软 (每个粽子半个)
  • 2–3 tablespoons shallot oil 葱油 2-3汤匙
  • 2 tablespoons light soy sauce 生抽 2汤匙
  • 1/4 teaspoon five spice powder 五香粉 1/4茶匙

Chestnuts 栗子

  • 40 chestnuts 栗子 40个
  • 2–3 tablespoons shallot oil 葱油 2-3汤匙
  • 2 teaspoons sugar 糖 2茶匙
  • 2 tablespoons light soy sauce 生抽 2汤匙
  • 1/4 teaspoon five spice powder 五香粉 1/4茶匙

Other Fillings 其他馅料

  • 200 grams dried shrimp 虾米 200克
  • 600 grams split mung beans 去皮开边绿豆 600克
  • 20 salted egg yolks (half salted egg per bak chang) 咸蛋黄20个 (每个粽子半个)

Wrapping 包粽材料

  • 2 packets (300 grams) bamboo leaves about 100 leaves (2–3 leaves per bak chang) 竹叶 2包 300克 约100片 (每个粽子2-3片)
  • 45 grass water strings/ kitchen strings 草水弦/ 厨弦

Instructions

Step 1 - Day 1 Preparation

  • Remove the skin from the pork belly and cut into 40 pieces. Marinate with the pork belly marinade ingredients and refrigerate overnight.
  • Soak the mushrooms, chestnuts, bamboo leaves, and grass water strings overnight.

Step 2 - Prepare the Bamboo Leaves and Strings

  • On the following day, wipe the bamboo leaves to remove any dirt, wiping from head to tail (this helps prevent the cloth from getting stuck.)
  • Place in a pot of hot water for 15 minutes to soften. Cut off the stiff top part.
  • Stack the leaves to prevent drying (don't need to wipe dry). If they dry out, soak them in water again.

Step 3 - Soak and Prepare Ingredients

  • Wash the mung beans until the water runs clear. Soak for 1 hour 45 minutes. Test by gently pressing them, they should easily break apart . Remove excess water.
  • Wash the glutinous rice until clear and soak for 30 minutes. You will notice the rice puffing up slightly. Remove excess water and set aside.
  • Remove the red membrane from the chestnuts and cook for 25 minutes until they break easily with a fork.
  • Wash the dried shrimps and soak for 10 minutes.
  • Remove the stems from the mushrooms and halve them.
  • Clean the salted eggs, extract the yolks, and cut each in half.
  • Thinly slice 300 grams of shallots.

Step 4 - Fry the Shallot Oil and Season the Fillings

  • Add 4 cups of cooking oil to a pan. Fry the shallots on medium heat until the edges turn slightly golden brown. Then reduce the heat to low and continue frying until slightly golden brown, then remove from heat. The residual heat will turn them golden brown. Do not fry until fully golden as they may become burnt from the residual heat and become bitter.
  • Sauté the mushrooms with 2-3 tablespoons of shallot oil until fragrant. Then add the seasoning and saute until fragrant.
  • Sauté the chestnuts separately with 2-3 tablespoons of shallot oil. Add seasoning and saute until fragrant.
  • Sauté the dried shrimps with 2-3 tablespoons of shallot oil until fragrant.

Step 5 - Season the Rice

  • Clean the wok. Add 2 tablespoons of lard and 2 cups of shallot oil to the hot wok.
  • Add the soaked glutinous rice and toss until coated. Add all rice seasoning and continue frying until fragrant. The rice will become slightly sticky.

Step 6 - Wrap the Bak Chang

  • Arrange all the fillings in the order they will be placed: mung beans, pork belly, salted egg yolk, mushroom, chestnut, dried shrimps, fried shallots, shallot oil.
  • Fold 2-3 bamboo leaves into a cone shape, smooth side facing inwards. Make sure the corners overlap to prevent rice from falling out.
  • Add about 1 tablespoon of rice and press tightly. Then add mung beans, one piece of meat, half of a salted egg yolk, one piece of mushroom, one chestnut, dried shrimps, fried shallots and some shallot oil. Add more mung beans and top with more rice.
  • Press the filling until it is compact. Gently press the sides with your thumb and index finger while using the other hand to fold the bamboo leaves. You will see a tail. Fold the tail towards you to form a pyramid shape. If the bamboo leaves are not long enough, add an extra leaf if needed. Secure tightly with grass water string or kitchen string.

Step 7 - Cook the Bak Chang

  • Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Gently add the dumplings and reduce to a gentle simmer — the water should only be gently bubbling to prevent the dumplings from falling out.
  • Cook for approximately 1 hour 45 minutes. Monitor the water level and top up with boiling water as needed to keep the dumplings fully submerged.
  • They are done when the rice is tender and the pork belly fat has a melt-in-the-mouth texture. Remove from the pot and allow to cool to room temperature.(note: you can remove one dumpling to test.)

Video

Notes

  • Wrap tightly. A loose wrap lets the bak chang falls apart while cooking. Make sure the corners overlap to prevent rice from falling out. This is the step that takes the most practice.
    Keep the water at a gently simmer throughout. The water has to be gently simmering to avoid the bak chang from falling apart. Always top up with hot water, never cold — adding cold water drops the temperature and affects the cooking time.
    Season and saute each filling separately. The rice, pork belly, mushrooms, and chestnuts are each seasoned on their own before wrapping. This gives each bite layers of flavour.
    Use a large pot. The volume of water affects the cooking time — more water retains heat better, which can help reduce the overall cooking time.
    Use one dumpling to test for doneness. Cooking time will vary depending on the size of the pot and the size of the dumplings.